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Una piattaforma di: LogoInstitute for Renewable Energy
Con il supporto di:
IEA PVPS Task 15 project aims to create an enabling framework to accelerate the penetration of BIPV products in the global market of renewables.
Operazione co-finanziata dall’Unione europea, Fondo Europeo di Sviluppo Regionale, dallo Stato Italiano, dalla Confederazione elvetica e dai Cantoni nell’ambito del Programma di Cooperazione Interreg V-A Italia-Svizzera
Copenhagen International School (CIS) is located at the harbor in the new sustainable district Nordhavn. The client, represented by Arch. Anders Smith, the vice-chairman of ECIS, was personally involved in project process and designing of a new sustainable school. The building should appear as divided into smaller blocks, creating a dynamic environment with room for diversity (Arch. Anders Smith, ECIS). The BIPV modules, provided by SolarLab, cover the entire façades as a cladding system.
The BIPV system was tendered in a total system delivery where the PV manufacturer acted as main EPC contractor for negotiation and installation. Both plans and problems were solved in a close cooperation between EPC contractor, developer and developer’s advisors (architects and engineers). As a result, the project was completed in due time and within the budget, as part of building the new school.
The green, color changing façade is made by 6,000 m2 individually angled PV modules. The concept was to make the façade look like a fishtail and this was possible to achieve with a special nano-structure technique on the panels, where one color can appear in many different shades as the light changes through the day. In the Copenhagen International School BIPV is quite simply façade cladding. People should not perceive it as made of PV modules.
The school is built according to Energy Class 2020 (i.e. the total energy requirement for heating, ventilation, cooling, hot water and lighting per m2 of heated floor space does not exceed 25 kWh/m2 per year) in the Danish Building Regulations (BR) and so airtight, that cooling is necessary even in winter. The expected energy consumption for cooling is one of the main reasons for choosing PV, and the energy production from the BIPV is estimated to cover 50% of the total annual electricity consumption at the school.
The 12,000 photovoltaic modules are mounted on the walls with a mounting structure specially designed for the building. Each façade panel is made of a front panel (PV) and a cassette (aluminum) and the cassette gives the panel a slope of 4 degrees. As the modules are individually tilted in four different directions, and the building has 70 different façades, shadows on the BIPV façade through the day are inevitable. The effect of shadowing is minimized by the use of micro inverters who allow optimize energy yield for each 4 m2 BIPV façade. The micro inverters are placed under the ceiling plates just inside the building, to allow easy serviceability by the school´s technical staff and to minimize the operational cost in that way. All façades are covered with PV-modules as the intention is to achieve overall holistic impression. The PV-modules on the north façade are not connected and also functions as reserves in case a module fails electrically on one of the active façades. As the PV-modules are customized it makes replacement easy as the same size and colour is always available.
From the very beginning, Arch. Anders Smith wanted to equip the façade with PV, but the contractor did not think it was possible. The architects were originally working with three architectural module systems that didn’t fit with the PV modules. In the course of the design process this was reduced to one architectural module system, so Arch. Smith drew up a sketch of a PV panel that fit with the module system. He got the foundation on board with the idea, and then he convinced the architects that it was a good idea – in part because the PV modules are nearly cost-neutral in comparison to the originally proposed façades in aluminium mesh. (Arch. Anders Smith, ECIS)
It is important to keep BIPV in the discussion through the whole process as stakeholders can have bias against it. BIPV was about to disappear from the project a couple of times, but ECIS had an insisting vice chairman who kept BIPV in the discussion and at the same time was the driving person behind the design of the façade.
It has been challenging to develop and build a complex BIPV façade like this. The PV modules had to fit into the architectural module system and the shadowing effects minimized with micro-inverters. For the mounting it was complicated to move around with a lift to install 70 different façades with protrusions in all directions. It took a long time to build. Access to the façades with effective machines is a major factor for time needed for installation. The solar modules are customized, not standard. Together with the client we completed a large number of tests: climate chambers, wind tunnel, and structural strength of the mounting system and the electrical system with micro inverters. The PV plant worked for a short period, then it was stopped by the electricity grid utility for several months as the grid system was not prepared for input of electricity from large plants. Today, the plant is functioning again as planned. (Mr Peter Melchior Rødder)
The school established a property fund (ECIS) with the purpose of building a new school including the BIPV-system. ECIS was supported by five funds, of which one donated 27 million Euro to the construction of the school. The school is tenant at ECIS and must be run in the most economical way in the next many years. To achieve this is installed BIPV. The intention is to get the highest possible self-sufficiency in order to lower the operation costs as tenant.
